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|00000000| 5c 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 7b 41 4e 20 4f 56 45 52 |\chapter|{AN OVER|
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|00000020| 0a 0d 0a 45 6c 61 6e 2d | 31 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 |...Elan-|1 is a s|
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|00000050| 63 6f 6d 70 72 69 73 65 | 73 20 66 75 6c 6c 0d 0a |comprise|s full..|
|00000060| 45 6c 61 6e 20 61 70 61 | 72 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |Elan apa|rt from |
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|00000080| 6e 69 73 6d 2e 20 49 74 | 20 73 74 72 69 76 65 73 |nism. It| strives|
|00000090| 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 6c | to be c|ompatibl|
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|00000190| 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 6e | 74 61 78 20 6f 66 20 74 | the syn|tax of t|
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